A
teljes közlemény letölthető innen.
Magyarországi
úthálózat vizsgálata során az atlanti-mediterrán elterjedésű Plantago coronopus
L. intenzív terjedését tapasztaltuk. 2017–2019 között a fajt újabb 47
flóratérképezési kvadrátból mutattuk ki, amellyel 81-re nőtt előfordulásainak
száma. Kimutattuk, hogy a gyorsforgalmi utak mellett a faj erős terjedése a
főközlekedési utakat is elérte, ezen kívüli megjelenései egyelőre ritkák.
Legnagyobb kiterjedésű és egyedsűrűségű állományai az útpadkák mechanikus és
ozmotikus stressztől erősebben érintett (gyakran növényzetmentes) sávja mögötti
részén találhatók, de néhány előfordulás ilyen helyeken kívül is ismert.
2013-tól ismert állományai közül több helyen ma is összefüggő tömegben van
jelen, így a faj egyértelműen meghonosodott (de nem átalakító) neofitonnak
tekinthető.
A Plantago coronopus elterjedése Magyarországon (2019) |
Abstract
In the course of our research of Hungarian
transport routes, we observed an intensive spread of the Atlantic-Mediterranean
Plantago coronopus L., a recently established species in Hungary. Between 2017
and 2019, it was detected in 43 flora mapping quadrats, which increased the
total number of occurrences to 77 since 2013. Besides motorways, the main
Hungarian transport routes were involved as well. 26 occurrences have been
recorded along the roads 4/E60, E573, 8/E66, 86/E65 and 87, which are severely
affected by international traffic. However, on routes avoiding international
transit traffic, the species’ occurrences are still rare. In some cases, the
predominant direction of traffic appeared to influence the formation of new
stands. It is very likely that the first individuals that appeared along the section
of the M86/E65 motorway between Szombathely and Hegyfalu in 2019, arrived
primarily by northbound traffic, rather than along the road 86, which runs
parallel to it only a few hundred meters away. Likewise, it seems certain that
the spread of the species along the roads M1/E60, E75 (Mocsa, Tata, Páty) and
M7/E71 (Fonyód, Balatonlelle, Kajászó) as well as the road 8/E66 (Bakonygyepes,
Veszprém) is due to reproduction of older extensive local populations. At
several localities along the outer bend of roundabouts or near the exits of
motorways, a dispersal role of intense winter road salting was also observed.
The largest populations were located mostly along ditches, next to the (often
bare) lane of roadbeds that are heavily affected by mechanical and osmotic
stress. The majority of stands were found within a 3 meters wide belt along the
asphalt strip (5 meters was measured in the lawn of a cemetery once). Since the
species is present continuously at several localities since 2013, it is
considered as naturalised in Hungary, and its further spread can be confidently
predicted. The current status of the species in Hungary is naturalised
(non-transformer) neophyte.
Nincsenek megjegyzések:
Megjegyzés küldése